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3D打印
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2021年關(guān)于3D打印的十大猜想
編輯:冰點(diǎn) [ 2021-1-27 17:19:45 ] 文章來(lái)源:廣告設(shè)備在線
3D打印
目前,全世界都還不知道到這場(chǎng)疫情給人類(lèi)帶來(lái)的危害到底有多大、時(shí)間到底有多長(zhǎng)。新冠病毒之下,如果“斷航”、“封國(guó)”、“封城”成為以后的常態(tài),逆全球化越演越烈,本地化生產(chǎn)制造顯得越來(lái)越重要的話,則天生就適合本地化制造(奧巴馬總統(tǒng)時(shí)期,就已經(jīng)開(kāi)始把3D打印作為戰(zhàn)略性技術(shù),讓制造業(yè)回歸美國(guó)的利器)的3D打印可能會(huì)進(jìn)一步加速發(fā)展。
猜想一:2021年,兩大3D打印巨頭3D Systems和Stratasys,市值重回百億美元!Desktop Metal市值也達(dá)百億美元!中國(guó)金屬3D打印龍頭鉑力特,市值超200億人民幣!全球?qū)⒃黾?0家3D打印上市公司!
曾幾何時(shí),2013/2014年期間,3D Systems和Stratasys市值最高達(dá)百億美元以上,后來(lái)從2014年開(kāi)始,連續(xù)跌到了2020年上半年,市值最高跌去90%。南極熊3D打印網(wǎng)也是從2012年上線開(kāi)始,就一直關(guān)注其股價(jià),真可謂“眼見(jiàn)他起高樓 眼見(jiàn)他宴賓客 眼見(jiàn)他樓塌了”。
“剩”者為王
3D打印行業(yè)也經(jīng)歷了洶涌澎湃到潮水褪去的過(guò)程,從大熱門(mén)到冷門(mén),多少風(fēng)雨中,已經(jīng)有多少人離開(kāi)了這個(gè)行業(yè),倒閉的、轉(zhuǎn)型的企業(yè)不在少數(shù)。
“我們做3D打印這幾年,經(jīng)受過(guò)家人的反對(duì)、客戶(hù)的質(zhì)疑、女朋友的分手,”有創(chuàng)業(yè)者告訴南極熊,“那些打不倒我的,將會(huì)使我變得更強(qiáng)大。”
卻仍有一批人在默默堅(jiān)持,默默努力,默默去發(fā)展技術(shù),默默去開(kāi)拓市場(chǎng)應(yīng)用。南極熊認(rèn)識(shí)的一批3D打印從業(yè)人士,堅(jiān)持到現(xiàn)在的,幾乎都已經(jīng)成為這個(gè)行業(yè)的中流砥柱。
乒乓球掉到地上,彈起來(lái)可能會(huì)彈得更高
事實(shí)上,一直以來(lái),3D打印技術(shù)在不斷地快速發(fā)展和進(jìn)化(詳見(jiàn)《專(zhuān)利顯示:3D打印成為2020年增長(zhǎng)最快的十大技術(shù)之一》https://www.nanjixiong.com/thread-144463-1-1.html),產(chǎn)業(yè)應(yīng)用層面也在大量試錯(cuò)和布局,經(jīng)過(guò)六七年的沉淀,已經(jīng)逐漸在航空航天、軍工、醫(yī)療(骨科、齒科)、汽車(chē)等領(lǐng)域開(kāi)始有了規(guī)模化的生產(chǎn)級(jí)應(yīng)用。
新冠病毒疫情,打斷了原來(lái)穩(wěn)定的全球化產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈,導(dǎo)致不少行業(yè)的供應(yīng)鏈出現(xiàn)重大問(wèn)題,相關(guān)物資短期不絕于耳。而3D打印的柔性化、本地化、快速生產(chǎn)的優(yōu)勢(shì),被突然放大。新冠的流行,加速了3D打印技術(shù)的批量化生產(chǎn)應(yīng)用,甚至提前了5年到10年。詳見(jiàn)文章《洞察:3D打印大批量生產(chǎn)應(yīng)用,正在加速》https://www.nanjixiong.com/thread-144074-1-1.html 
另外,重要的是,剛登上總統(tǒng)寶座的拜登支持制造業(yè)回歸美國(guó),逆全球化,本質(zhì)就是本地化,對(duì)3D打印行業(yè)強(qiáng)烈的利好!
2020年下半年開(kāi)始,南極熊發(fā)現(xiàn)全球的3D打印股票開(kāi)始大幅震蕩,特別是年底開(kāi)始出現(xiàn)歷史性的行業(yè)板塊急劇暴漲。
猜想二:2021年,3D打印領(lǐng)域?qū)l(fā)生一些的大型兼并重組,大魚(yú)吃小魚(yú),行業(yè)整合加速。
由于資本的看好,股價(jià)的暴漲,部分3D打印公司突然開(kāi)始變得有錢(qián)了(通過(guò)增發(fā)股票籌資、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)融資等)。有錢(qián)了就可以把一些好的3D打印標(biāo)的公司(有的老牌廠商已經(jīng)有規(guī)模的營(yíng)收但未上市、有的新興產(chǎn)業(yè)公司開(kāi)創(chuàng)了新的3D打印技術(shù)方向)買(mǎi)買(mǎi)買(mǎi),提升營(yíng)收規(guī)模和水平,戰(zhàn)略布局新的技術(shù)方向和應(yīng)用賽道,迎接“3D打印規(guī)模化生產(chǎn)制造”時(shí)代的到來(lái)。
在南極熊的“3D打印投融資”專(zhuān)欄中,2021年以來(lái),出現(xiàn)了3D打印加工服務(wù)廠商Protolabs以3.3億美元收購(gòu)分布式3D打印制造平臺(tái)3D Hubs,低成本金屬3D打印龍頭Desktop Metal花3億美元收購(gòu)德國(guó)光固化3D打印大廠EnvisionTEC等重大并購(gòu)事件。
猜想三:2021年,一批3D打印產(chǎn)品定型,得到規(guī)模化量產(chǎn)應(yīng)用!3D打印行業(yè)再次成為風(fēng)口!
隨著多激光金屬3D打印、高速光固化3D打印、粘結(jié)劑噴射3D打印等技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展,打印效率、零件尺寸、產(chǎn)品性能有了大幅度的提升,加上前幾年的驗(yàn)證,迎來(lái)產(chǎn)業(yè)化的拐點(diǎn)。特別是航空航天、軍工、醫(yī)療等高端制造領(lǐng)域,一批3D打印產(chǎn)品定型,達(dá)到批產(chǎn)階段,規(guī)模化的量能有望爆發(fā)。
在需求端的大力牽引下,3D打印設(shè)備、3D打印材料等上游將迎來(lái)新的發(fā)展機(jī)遇。
猜想四:2021年,30個(gè)激光器的金屬3D打印機(jī)橫空出世!多激光燒結(jié)SLS、多激光光固化SLA也開(kāi)始流行!
由德國(guó)SLM Solutions引領(lǐng)的多激光金屬3D打印熱潮,已經(jīng)撕開(kāi)一道提升生產(chǎn)效率的口子,眾多廠商紛紛推出多激光新品。南極熊猜想,2021年,將可能出現(xiàn)多達(dá)30個(gè)激光器的超級(jí)金屬3D打印機(jī)。
同樣,效率提升和打印尺寸擴(kuò)大的市場(chǎng)需求,多激光燒結(jié)SLS 、多激光SLA光固化3D打印也進(jìn)一步蓬勃發(fā)展,有可能出現(xiàn)打印幅面達(dá)5米的商業(yè)化大尺寸SLS 3D打印機(jī)或SLA光固化3D打印機(jī)!
猜想五:2021年,體曝光3D打印技術(shù)商業(yè)化!
全新的體曝光光固化3D打印技術(shù),將光圖像從不同角度投射到透明樹(shù)脂內(nèi)部,重復(fù)曝光會(huì)導(dǎo)致極快的速度在樹(shù)脂槽中凝固出3D零件物體。美國(guó)Carbon發(fā)明的連續(xù)液面3D打印(CLIP)技術(shù)開(kāi)創(chuàng)了高速光固化的先河,而體曝光則超越連續(xù)液面技術(shù),讓光固化3D打印技術(shù)躍升一大步。
猜想六:2021年,噴射類(lèi)金屬3D打印技術(shù)開(kāi)始商業(yè)化,并引發(fā)新的技術(shù)潮流
金屬粘結(jié)劑噴射技術(shù)工藝原理總體上包含兩大核心過(guò)程:3D打印→燒結(jié)。打印流程開(kāi)始于根據(jù)目標(biāo)零件形成的CAD構(gòu)圖文件,在3D打印機(jī)中使用金屬粉末和粘接劑進(jìn)行高精度打印成型(期間可能加上激光燒結(jié))。完成后,進(jìn)行燒結(jié),以獲得高強(qiáng)度、高分辨率的金屬零件。最后,進(jìn)行表面處理提升表觀質(zhì)量。
隨著對(duì)金屬材料燒結(jié)收縮變形的研究、預(yù)測(cè)和控制,新型粘結(jié)劑的研發(fā),噴射成型3D打印技術(shù)將發(fā)展得足夠成熟,可以達(dá)到商業(yè)化水平。加上低成本的很早以前就已經(jīng)商業(yè)化的粉末原材料(粉末要求比SLM技術(shù)的低很多,例如在化學(xué)成分、粒度分布、粉末的球形度、流動(dòng)性、松裝密度等方面的要求低得多,所以材料成本大幅下降),高速高效率的噴射成型過(guò)程(噴射技術(shù)、噴頭等技術(shù)已經(jīng)非常成熟并且大規(guī)模應(yīng)用),噴射型金屬3D打印技術(shù)的巨大潛力將得到充分挖掘,走向商業(yè)化之路。
猜想七:2021年,3D打印軟件、3D打印后處理的行業(yè)地位上升,相關(guān)企業(yè)獲大額融資
隨著3D打印產(chǎn)業(yè)化的深入,設(shè)備和材料都越來(lái)越成熟和穩(wěn)定,真正應(yīng)用時(shí):設(shè)計(jì)、仿真、拓?fù)鋬?yōu)化等軟件能力,零件打印完成后的處理,很大程度上影響著產(chǎn)品的性能和生產(chǎn)效率,逐漸成為制約因素。有問(wèn)題的地方,就是機(jī)會(huì)所在的地方,所以南極熊認(rèn)為軟件和后處理兩大環(huán)節(jié),會(huì)吸引一輪資金和人才。
猜想之八、九、十
還有猜想之八、九、十,請(qǐng)你來(lái)幫南極熊猜一猜,3D打印領(lǐng)域還可能發(fā)生哪些大事或趨勢(shì)?請(qǐng)?jiān)诒疚暮笤u(píng)論下你的想法,第8、9、10個(gè)留言者,將每人獲獎(jiǎng)2雙“巢履”3D打印透氣鞋墊!
后記
很多人喜歡談?wù)擄L(fēng)險(xiǎn),談?wù)擃A(yù)測(cè),談?wù)摍C(jī)會(huì)成本,但同時(shí)卻對(duì)不確定性感到恐懼,有時(shí)候會(huì)像鴕鳥(niǎo)一樣把頭埋在沙堆里。對(duì)于3D打印領(lǐng)域,也一樣。
正如古羅馬皇帝 馬克 •奧勒留在《沉思錄》里所說(shuō)的:“我們聽(tīng)到的一切都是一個(gè)觀點(diǎn),不是事實(shí);我們看見(jiàn)的一切都是一個(gè)視角,不是真相。”
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